A fairly large number of children in Russia are raised in foster families. The child's adoptive parents have the right to receive financial assistance from the state to raise the child.
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We will consider the process of receiving benefits for the adoption of a child, as well as the amount of this benefit, in more detail below.
General terms
The concept of adoption exists for raising children who have lost their biological parents or were left without their care in full-fledged families and is regulated by Russian legislation.
Often carried out not only on the basis of full adoption.
The legislation provides for the following forms of guardianship over orphans:
- direct adoption;
- registration of guardianship over a child;
- patronage.
Quite lengthy and requires a court decision. A person can become a guardian by decision of the guardianship and trusteeship authorities without a trial. In addition, the verification by civil servants of candidates for the right of guardianship and trusteeship is more loyal.
However, full-fledged adoptive parents in the case of adopting a child receive much more rights.
An adopted child becomes a full-fledged member of the family, and the same mutual rights and obligations arise between him and his adoptive parents as biological ones, including the right to receive an inheritance.
Patronage gives adoptive parents minimal rights, and also implies regular monitoring of living conditions and the process of raising a child by the guardianship authorities.
When registering for patronage, the trustee is involved in the socialization of the child and representing his interests in government bodies, but the child can also be left in an orphanage.
When registering guardianship, trusteeship or patronage, an agreement is concluded between government agencies and adoptive parents.
If the child is fully adopted, then by court decision the candidates become the official parents of the child and receive an adoption certificate.
Issues of adoption, guardianship and trusteeship are dealt with by the guardianship and trusteeship authorities, but direct adoption will require a court decision.
And also the types of benefits provided to adoptive parents depend on the form of adoption.
One-time payments to adoptive parents in Moscow
One-time payments to adoptive parents in Moscow are established:
- Law of the city of Moscow dated November 30, 2005 No. 61 “On additional guarantees for social support for orphans and children left without parental care in the city of Moscow”,
- Resolution of the Moscow Government dated May 15, 2007 No. 376-PP “On measures to implement Moscow City Law No. 61 dated November 30, 2005 “On additional guarantees for social support for orphans and children without parental care in the city of Moscow.”
A one-time compensation payment is assigned to one of the adoptive parents. The adoptive parent must apply for this payment within 12 months from the date of entry into force of the court decision on adoption
Required documents
- passport, residence permit or other document identifying the applicant, place of residence and citizenship;
- application for a one-time compensation;
- child's birth certificate;
- a court decision on adoption that has entered into legal force;
- adoption certificate;
- a certificate from the guardianship and trusteeship authorities stating that the child, before adoption, was one of the orphans and children left without parental care.
Amount of lump sum payments in Moscow
In the regional legislation of the city of Moscow, the amount of payments is determined by a multiple of the average cost of living per capita. The cost of living is set quarterly by the Moscow City Government.
When adopting one child, a lump sum payment is made in the amount of 5 subsistence minimums.
When adopting a second child - 7 living wages.
When adopting a third and subsequent children - 10 subsistence minimums.
Currently in the city of Moscow there is a living wage approved by Moscow Government Decree No. 663-PP dated September 12, 2021 “On establishing the living wage in the city of Moscow for the second quarter of 2021”:
- per capita – 16,426 rubles;
- for the working population – 18,742 rubles;
- for pensioners – 11,603 rubles;
- for children – 14,252 rubles.
Thus, when adopting the first child, a one-time payment is made in the amount of 82,130 rubles , the second - 114,982 rubles , the third and subsequent child - 164,260 rubles .
Registration procedure
Adoption benefits must be issued no later than 6 months from the date of adoption of the child. To do this, you need to submit an application and the required documents to the guardianship authorities.
Review of the application will take up to 10 days.
In most cases, the payment of benefits is approved, but if the adoptive parents receive a refusal, it can be challenged in court.
Documentation
To receive benefits for the adoption of a child, you must submit the following documents to the guardianship authorities along with your application:
- a copy of the applicant’s passport (other documents confirming identity are also possible);
- bank account details for receiving benefits;
- adoption certificate and court decision;
- a certificate of residence confirming that the adopted child lives with the applicant;
- certificate of income of the adoptive parents.
The court's decision
Payments for the adoption of a child are assigned on the basis of a court decision on adoption. This document, along with the adoption certificate, must be submitted to the guardianship authorities to assign benefits.
One-time payments to adoptive parents in Russia when placing a child in a family for upbringing
Similar benefits are established both at the federal and regional levels.
First of all, we will analyze federal legislation, since this article is dedicated to the Moscow region, and we will indicate what lump sum payments exist in Moscow.
One-time payments to adoptive parents in the Russian Federation are established by Federal Law No. 81-FZ of May 19, 1995 “On state benefits for citizens with children.”
The procedure and conditions for payment are established by Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated December 23, 2009 No. 1012n.
The benefit is assigned and paid within 6 months from the date of entry into legal force of the court decision on the adoption of a child left without parental care.
During the specified period, the adoptive parent must contact the department of social protection of the population with the relevant documents.
What documents are required to process a lump sum payment to adoptive parents?
- application for benefits;
- passport of the adoptive parent (passports of adoptive parents);
- birth certificate of a child placed in a family for upbringing;
- documents confirming the family relationships of children (for persons who have adopted brothers and (or) sisters);
- documents confirming that the adopted child has a disability;
- a document confirming the transfer of the child to a family for upbringing (a copy of the court decision on adoption that has entered into legal force);
- a document on the name and details of the credit institution and the account number to which the benefit will be transferred.
Foreign citizens and stateless persons, refugees permanently residing in the territory of the Russian Federation represent :
- identification document,
- resident card,
- temporary residence permit,
- work book or employment contract,
- a certificate from the territorial body of the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation on registration with the territorial bodies of the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation as an insurer,
- refugee certificate.
Child adoption benefit
Some adoptive parents and guardians are entitled to receive benefits for raising a child. The amount of this benefit may vary depending on the form of guardianship or adoption.
Also, benefits are not paid at all to certain categories of adoptive parents and guardians.
There are several types of child adoption benefits, the amount of which may vary greatly in 2021. Let's look at each type in more detail.
It is worth noting that adoptive parents can spend the funds received only on improving the living conditions for the child, as well as on his physical, mental or spiritual development.
One-time
A one-time benefit is provided to all families who have adopted children. The amount of this benefit is 14,497 rubles.
If a family has taken custody of a child belonging to a special category, then the amount of state assistance will be 110,775 rubles.
If a family adopts two or more children born from the same parents, then the benefit is paid for each child.
Monthly
Monthly payments can be received by those families who have adopted a child under one and a half years old. Before this age, it is possible for one of the parents to take paid leave to care for a child, and the amount of the benefit will be 40% of the income of the parent for whom the benefit is issued.
Also, the right to receive a monthly allowance for raising a child is given to guardians and trustees, and its amount is fixed in the contract and can range from 980 rubles to 7,700 rubles.
Right to maternity capital
Some families have the right not only to receive adoption benefits, but also maternity capital, which is allocated to all families with newborns from the state budget.
The amount of this social assistance is 453,000 rubles.
The following families have the right to receive maternity capital:
- families who adopted a child while having children of their own;
- families who adopted a child whose mother was deprived of the right to receive parental capital due to deprivation of parental rights;
- families who adopted a child under 70 days of age.
If two children
Families who have adopted two or more children born from the same biological parents are entitled to an increased benefit in the amount of 14,497 rubles.
Other benefits
In addition to benefits, families who have adopted children receive the following benefits:
- compensation for paying utility bills;
- free receipt of dairy products for children under two years of age;
- free prescription medications for children under 3 years of age;
- compensation for half the cost of preschool services;
- the right to free meals at school.
The state provides every possible support to adoptive parents in the form of benefits and benefits.
.
On the part of the authorities, such interaction with the population is aimed at developing an incentive to adopt children who are left without parental care, as well as to facilitate the living conditions of adopted children in the family.
For many adults who want to adopt orphans, the question is: how much do they pay to adopt a child in 2021?
Adoptive parents are entitled to the same benefits as biological parents. In addition, there are other benefits that guardians can receive.
Legislators are doing everything to increase interest in the adoption of children. Thanks to targeted policies, the situation has improved in 2021, and the number of children in need of a new family has decreased markedly.
Measures were taken at the legislative level to strengthen family ties:
According to Article 138 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation, a child accepted into a new family retains the right to the benefits and pension that he is entitled to. In addition, measures have been taken to insure the budget against mercenary receipt of funds for adoption.
If an adopted child is returned back to the orphanage, the adoptive parents are obliged to return the benefits paid for him by the state.
To receive payments for an adopted child, you need to submit the necessary documentation to local authorized bodies. It is necessary to do this within 6 months from the entry into force of the court decision on adoption.
If you did not meet the deadlines, but there is a good reason, then when submitting documents you will need to reapply to the court.
If financial benefits were denied, you should file a claim with the court, which will most likely make a decision in favor of the guardians.
If all the necessary documents have been collected and the rules have been followed, then within a 10-day period from the date of submitting the documents, the money will be transferred to the adoptive parents’ account.
In order to receive benefits for the adoption of a child, you must prepare the following documents:
Adoptive parents are entitled to benefits and payment of a number of benefits, these are:
Guardians of a disabled child are entitled to a one-time allowance in the amount of 110 thousand 775 rubles for each adopted child. The same amount is paid for the adoption of children aged 7-18 years and simultaneous guardianship of brothers and sisters.
Legislators propose to amend the law and pay compensation in the amount of 100 thousand rubles at a time for adopted children.
An adopted child has the right to receive the same benefits as an adoptive parent, and is also entitled to an apartment upon reaching adulthood.
List of payments and benefits
In accordance with the law, citizens who have adopted a child have the right to receive a number of payments and benefits. Financial incentives are intended to promote adoption in the country.
However, it is necessary to separate the concept of intra-family adoption from the adoption of a child into a family without parental care. If a husband adopts his wife's son through the court, this is intra-family adoption. Benefits do not apply to him.
In 2021, the following support options for adoptive parents are provided:
- federal benefit for the adoption of a minor into a family (analogous to a benefit for the birth of a baby);
- maternity payments and child care benefits from 0 to 1.5 years;
- maternity capital (if the adopted child is the second or subsequent child);
- preservation of the adopted person's rights to pensions and benefits.
Expert opinion
Stanislav Evseev
Lawyer. Experience 12 years. Specialization: civil, family, inheritance law.
In addition, it is necessary to pay attention that adoption, as a form of placement, involves accepting the child as a natural one. Therefore, financial incentives for adoptive parents are minimal. Guardianship and guardianship are much better funded.
One-time benefit
When a minor is accepted into the family, an appropriate allowance is paid. It is transferred only 1 time.
The payment is of a declarative nature. The adoptive parent must independently contact the social protection department.
The application period is limited to 6 months . If he misses the deadline, he must be reinstated through the courts.
List of documents for receiving benefits:
- passport;
- statement;
- child's birth certificate (new);
- documents on the absence of parental care;
- court decision on adoption;
- extract from the house register;
- bank account details;
- a certificate that the benefit was not assigned or paid to the spouse;
- documents confirming the existence of grounds for receiving an increased payment.
The funds are transferred to the personal account of one of the adoptive parents. They are not targeted and the recipient does not have to account for them.
The amount of payment depends on a number of factors:
- General order . A citizen receives 17,479.73 rubles. The amount is subject to annual indexation. In addition, it increases if a regional coefficient is applied.
- Special cases . In certain cases, the adoptive parent has the right to increased benefits. In 2021, its value is 133,559.36 rubles. The amount also increases due to the regional coefficient. It is intended for citizens who have adopted disabled people, brothers and sisters, as well as children aged 7 years and older.
Payments upon adoption of a newborn
In case of adoption of a child aged 0 to 1.5 years, citizens have the right to all payments that are due to the birth family.
Types of payments paid by the state:
- maternity payments (when adopting a child aged 0 to 3 months);
- allowance for children from 0 to 1.5 years;
- allowance for a child from 1.5 to 3 years old (50 rubles per month).
The procedure for calculating benefits for a child from 0 to 1.5 years
| For employed people | For the unemployed | |
| Minimum for first child | 4512 | 3277,45 |
| Minimum for second and subsequent children | 6554,89 | 6554,89 |
| Calculation procedure | 40% of average salary | Fixed amount |
Maternal capital
If adoptive parents have adopted a second or subsequent child into the family, then they have the right to maternity capital. The opportunity arises if citizens have not used the right before.
The amount of support measures in 2021 is 466,617 rubles. When adopting 2 children at the same time, citizens also have the right to receive a certificate.
When an adoption is registered, a child left without parental care loses the right to receive housing from the state. The responsibility for providing housing rests with the adoptive parents. Therefore, when capital is spent on purchasing housing, children have the right to a share in the apartment.
Pensions and benefits
In accordance with Art. 138 of the RF IC, in case of adoption of a child, he retains the rights to pensions and benefits that he previously received. The minor will remain the recipient:
- singing for the loss of a breadwinner;
- compensation for the death of parents and other payments.
However, the right to receive alimony from both parents and grandparents is lost. If financial support was collected from the mother and father, but they did not contribute funds, then the accrued debt is retained.
The right to inheritance from blood parents and grandparents is also lost. An exception is the situation when the court has preserved the property and personal non-property rights of the grandparents in the event of the death of a parent (Clause 4 of Article 137 of the RF IC).
Regional payments
Each region has the right to establish additional payments. Their size, procedure for appointment and transfer are regulated by the legislation of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
Example. In 2021 in Moscow, upon adoption, 61,000 rubles are paid. from the city budget.
In other regions, monthly payments are provided.
Example. Adoptive parents of the Altai Territory who adopted a child who has been under guardianship for at least 3 years retain the right to receive guardianship benefits.
Not all regions give money to adoptive parents. This issue needs to be clarified in the social protection department of the subject.
Amount of payments upon adoption of a child
Foster parents who have taken a child into their family and receive additional payments are required to keep records of the money and report in writing for receiving it.
Citizens who have taken three or more children are entitled to receive benefits for large families.
According to Federal Law No. 81, the amount of a one-time benefit for adoptive parents is 16 thousand 350 rubles. Due to indexation, the amount increases annually. Its payment is affected by the age of the adopted child.
When an orphan is adopted into a family, the size of the one-time benefit is 24 thousand rubles. The payment is made only for children who were under guardianship or foster care.
After graduating from school, if employed, orphans have the right to compensation in the amount of 79 thousand 416 rubles. When studying at another educational institution, they are entitled to the amount of 20 thousand 639 rubles.
How much does the state pay for pregnancy and childbirth?
Maternity supplement is paid to citizens who have adopted a child under 3 years of age, the minimum payment is 28 thousand 555 rubles.
Important! The period for requesting benefits must not exceed 70 days from the date of birth of the child. If guardians have taken in two or more children, the period increases to 110 days.
If the baby has reached the age of 1.5 years, the adoptive parents will receive a monthly allowance for the adoption of a child in the amount of 40% of the average earnings for the last year.
If over the previous 12 months the adoptive parent did not have an official place of work, then he will receive a fixed benefit.
With a base rate of 1 thousand 500 rubles per child, the minimum amount of such payment is 2 thousand 576 rubles.
If you adopted two or more children, the minimum benefit will be 5 thousand 153 rubles with a base rate of 3 thousand rubles.
Compensation is paid on specific dates each month
. Also, adoptive parents will receive an additional payment of 50 rubles with the regional coefficient every month when the child reaches one and a half years and up to the age of three.
Families who have adopted a second child have the right to receive maternity capital, just like biological parents. In 2019, the amount of maternity capital is 453 thousand rubles.
The registration procedure is the same as for all parents. To do this, you need to submit an application to the local Pension Fund office, and attach the following documents to it:
The pension fund considers the request within five days, after which it sends a response. If reviewed positively, a certificate for maternity capital can be obtained from the same branch of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation where the application was submitted.
In each region and region, the state pays differently for the adoption of a child, according to established rules that determine the procedure for calculating payments.
The regional capital for adoptive parents in Moscow is 100 thousand rubles.
Also in the capital of the Russian Federation, adopted children have the right to:
What will adoptive parents receive?
Adoption is the most preferred form of placement. Adoptive parents claim the following payments, benefits and benefits.
| Type of support | Basic size, rub. | Indexed amount of payment for an adopted child in 2021, rubles |
| One-time compensation payment to reimburse expenses in connection with adoption and transfer to a family | ||
| Per adoptee | 8 000 | From 02/01/2021 for each foster child:
|
If adopted:
| 100 000 | From 02/01/2021 for each foster child:
|
| Regional one-time cash benefit (paid by constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the basis of regional regulations) | ||
| For example: Moscow | The cost of living in the year of accrual (Moscow city law No. 61, Moscow government decree No. 376-PP) | Upon adoption:
The cost of living is set quarterly by the Moscow government. |
| For example: Rostov region | Regional Law No. 829-ЗС dated March 30, 2012 | 30 000 |
Adoptive parents are entitled to maternity capital. Since 2021, the rules for obtaining it have changed. For adoptive parents, in accordance with Federal Law-35 of 03/01/2020, the following rules apply - they receive it:
- women who adopted their first child since January 1, 2020;
- men, the only adoptive parents of the first child, who have not previously used this type of state support.
The amount of maternity capital for the first child in 2021 is 483,882 rubles. The recipient of the maternity capital and the child have Russian citizenship.
When adopting a second one:
- If the right to maternity capital arose before December 31, 2019, its amount in 2021 is 483,882 rubles.
- If the first child was born or adopted before 2021, and the second starting from January 1, 2021, the amount is 639,432 rubles.
- If the first and second child were born or adopted in 2021 or later, maternity capital for the first will be 483,882 rubles, for the second - 155,550 additionally. The total amount of maternity capital is 639,432 rubles.
IMPORTANT!
At the birth or adoption of a third or subsequent child from 2021, maternity capital will amount to 639,432 rubles, provided that before 2021 the right to this type of state support did not arise.
Additionally:
- Maternity benefits are paid for babies from the date of adoption until 70 days from the date of birth (Article 7 of the Federal Law-81 of May 19, 1995).
- Adopted children receive all payments due to biological parents up to one and a half years old, at the age of 1.5 - 3 years, from 3 to 7 years - a monthly allowance in the amount of the "children's" subsistence level established in the region of residence of the family with low material income.
Free legal assistance is available to all adoptive parents and adoptive parents. Find out how much the state pays for an adopted child by contacting questions related to ensuring and protecting the rights and legitimate interests of wards (FZ-324 of November 21, 2011).
Alimony for an adopted child
Divorce proceedings often occur between adoptive parents. The question also arises with whom the child will remain after the divorce, and who will pay alimony for his maintenance.
An adopted child is equal in all rights and responsibilities to the adoptive parents; they bear the same obligations to the child as parents do to their own children.
If biological parents abandon their child, they lose all rights towards him.
When a child is adopted by one parent of the opposite sex, mutual rights and obligations remain between them, including alimony.
A child may be adopted under the following circumstances:
If the adoptive couple ends the marriage relationship or is deprived of parental rights, then after the divorce they will be required to pay alimony until the adopted child reaches adulthood.
There are situations when a family in which a child was adopted by one of the parents breaks up. In this case, the adoptive mother or father will be required to fulfill obligations towards the stepson or stepdaughter.
Both of them do not have the right to refuse to pay alimony, since they are equally responsible for maintaining the adopted minor.
Adoptive parents must fulfill their obligations towards adopted children, including alimony, based on the provisions of the Family Code of the Russian Federation.
There are no differences in the payment of child support for adopted or natural children. They are collected by decision of the court in a fixed amount and in the form of parts from the income of the payer.
A quarter of the total income is collected for one child, one third for two children, if there are three or more children in the family, then the payment will be half the monthly salary.
An unemployed parent is also required to pay child support, since lack of earnings is not a reason not to support children.
Alimony in a fixed amount is established at the request of the applicant at trial or in a voluntary agreement if the payer evades payments or has temporary income.
The amount is indexed according to a standard scheme or in the order concluded between the two parties in a voluntary agreement.
Important! To get rid of paying alimony, you cannot cancel the fact of adoption. If the child was adopted voluntarily, the court will not make a decision to cancel paternity.
Even if paternity status is revoked, you can only relieve yourself of the obligation to make alimony payments if you are re-adopted by a new spouse.
The procedure for collecting alimony is the same as for collecting child support from natural parents.
If alimony is paid on the basis of an agreement, then the specific amount and payment procedure are established by the agreement itself.
If the collection of alimony is supposed to be carried out through the court, then the following actions are performed:
- filing a claim by the adoptive parent in court;
- making a decision to collect alimony at a court hearing;
- execution of a writ of execution;
- transfer of the writ of execution to the bailiff;
- alimony payments.
You can get the termination of alimony payments through the district court
. According to Art. 120 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation, after the adoption of a child, the biological father or mother loses their rights to him and his responsibilities for his maintenance and upbringing.
But if the court previously issued an act on the collection of alimony, then during the adoption it continues to be valid.
To cancel it, you must go to court, which can cancel the payment of alimony by the biological parent if he proves that:
- the new adoptive parent provides for the child and fully supports him;
- there are suspicions that funds are not used for the needs of the child;
- the requirement to collect alimony from a citizen deprived of parental rights is in the nature of an abuse of law.
When making a decision, the court is guided only by the interests of the children. If the judge finds that the child needs financial support from new and former parents, then he can continue child support obligations to the biological father or mother.
If the material resources of one adoptive parent are not enough for the normal existence of the child, then they will be collected from the second if the divorce occurred in a pair of adoptive parents.
If the court considers it necessary to remove the payment obligations, then the enforcement proceedings are terminated, and along with it the payment of alimony.
When the document comes into force, it will be sent to the territorial office of the service and to both parties. After this, the biological father or mother may no longer pay monthly child support for their child.
Video: Social benefits when adopting a child
Some strange feeling takes over a person when he sees a disadvantaged child. And there are a large number of such children who are abandoned, who were left without the attention and protection of their parents, so an adult who stands firmly on his feet can apply for guardianship or trusteeship
.
Anyone who wants to take on the responsibilities of a parent can also. Such people are usually called adoptive parents.
There are various types of orphans in foster families. Among them are foster family, guardianship, patronage, guardianship and adoption.
. Depending on which form the parents choose, the amount of benefits received will depend.
What benefits are available to parents who have adopted a child?
If we are talking about the complete transfer of rights to the child to new adoptive parents, then payments in this case are not provided.
The only thing parents receive in this case is a one-time social payment
a certain amount that they will receive after they have all the rights to the adopted child.
The amount of the one-time benefit is 13,087.61 rubles
, but only one of the parents can receive such an amount, that is, the amount is not paid to the two separately.
Parents who adopt a child can count on the following benefits:
- Leave is provided for the period when the baby was born and for 70 calendar days
.
If the adoption is not one child, but for example two, then leave is established for a period of 110 days
; - You can take advantage of the leave that every mother is entitled to and go on maternity leave for up to three years.
Please note that leave is also only available to one parent.
What does a parent get if they take a child into foster care?
Before a child is placed in a foster family, an agreement is concluded with the parents, which specifies the period for which the child will be sent to a new family.
. In addition, the contract specifies information about the child’s individual information, his age, gender, where and under what conditions he will be kept.
This procedure is regulated by the Family Code of the Russian Federation, Article 152.
If we talk about the possibility of taking a child into a foster family, then the legislation in this regard puts forward fewer requirements than in other cases, and therefore most adoptive parents resort to this form. Not only married couples, but also a person who will live alone can become adoptive parents, that is, they do not make marriage a prerequisite.
Please note that in this case, this is a kind of work that is paid for by the state.
Such parents receive the following funds:
- The one-time payment is exactly the same as in the case of adoption, that is, 13,087.61 rubles
; - Every month 40% of the salary is added to the salary
for child support; - Full refunds will be made of money spent on the child in the current period
; - Every month the parent is paid a salary for the adopted child
. The amount depends on the region where the family lives; - In addition to all the specified payments, the parent also has such a benefit as accrual of work experience with an entry in the work book
.
What documents do you need to provide to receive benefits?
Depending on where the parent and adopted child are located, additional payments from the regional budget
. For example, a reduction in the amount of utility bills, free transport for children and many others.
The documents listed above must be delivered to the territorial social protection authorities no later than six months after the adoption and entry into force of the court order for adoption
.
Adoptive family from a legal point of view
A foster family is one of the options for placing children who are left without parental care.
From a legal point of view, it functions on a contractual basis between a certain family and the guardianship authorities. The legislation defines that a foster family is guardianship or trusteeship of a child or children, which is carried out under a foster family agreement concluded between the guardianship and trusteeship authority and the adoptive parents for the period specified in this agreement. Important! The corresponding legal concept is defined in Art. 152 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation, and its activities - Chapter 21 of the RF IC. Main characteristics of a foster family:
- Not only a man and a woman who are in a registered marriage, but also individual citizens can become foster parents. At the same time, unmarried persons cannot be adoptive parents of the same child;
- upon expiration of the contract, if it has not been extended, the orphan is returned to the social institution;
- In case of conflict situations, valid reasons or violation of terms, the contract may be terminated earlier than the established period. The initiator of termination of such an agreement can be both the guardianship authorities and the foster family/adoptive parent;
- the child has the right to see his biological father and mother;
- foster parents receive benefits, allowances and payments under the contract;
- The right of inheritance and obligations to pay alimony do not apply to the child.
Important!
Adopting and fostering are not the same thing. When parents adopt an orphan, they take care of him for free. Also, to adopt means to give a child the same non-property and property rights and responsibilities as a relative. The foster family, on the contrary, provides services for a fee; the provisions of the civil code on the provision of services for a fee are applied to such relationships to the extent that does not contradict the essence of such relationships.
What does the state offer to parents who have taken custody of a child?
To formalize guardianship, the parent does not need to go to court to secure the agreement. It is enough to contact the guardianship authorities. Guardianship is assigned to a child under 18 years of age. All benefits to parents cease as soon as he reaches this age.
If guardianship of a child has been formalized, then no salary is provided for the parents.
A one-time payment is provided for drawing up a guardianship agreement and 40% of the parent’s salary for the maintenance of the ward.
Foster carers
These are people who do not have the right to obtain guardianship due to lack of housing, work or age. In case of registration of patronage, the parent is also paid a one-time benefit and an additional payment of 40% to his salary is made
.
Also, if more than one child is taken into foster care, then for each subsequent parent an additional payment of 3,000 rubles
.
Please note that the main and guaranteed payment is a lump sum payment. It is paid regardless of what type of guardianship was issued.
All payments for child support are made from the federal budget, but through an accrual from the regional budget. Thanks to the support provided by the state, the amounts are a serious help to every family.
What are the payments in 2021?
All amounts accrued to citizens are indexed. This also applies to the amount that a parent receives once upon adoption, registration of guardianship or patronage.
So, for example, the amount of 13,087.61 rubles in 2021 will be 15,000 rubles
.
But, if you adopt a child at a certain period of his life, then the amount can increase to 105 thousand
. In order to receive this payment, you must submit documents that will indicate blood relationship - a birth certificate. These categories include:
- Children who have reached school age;
- If there is an adoption into the family of not one child, but several (brothers and sisters - blood relatives);
- A child who has become disabled and is underage;
How to receive payments or benefits
To apply for a one-time payment for raising an orphan, you need to visit the local social security authority.
Social service employees are presented with a foster family agreement, as well as personal documents of the parent and child. If there are grounds for receiving an increased benefit (the presence of a child’s disability or having many children), then it is necessary to provide documentary evidence of them. A larger package of documents is needed to obtain a monthly maintenance allowance.
The following documents must be attached to the application in the established form:
- child's birth certificate;
- order of the guardianship and trusteeship authority on the establishment of guardianship (trusteeship);
- order of the guardianship and trusteeship authority on the assignment of funds;
- a certificate from the child’s place of residence confirming cohabitation with a guardian;
- for a child who has reached the age of 18 and continues to study at school - an order from the guardianship and trusteeship authority to extend the payment of funds for the maintenance of the ward.
A detailed list of documents for each payment can be found at the social security department or on their website.
The benefit for orphans is received by the child himself. To do this, he must provide documents confirming the change of status (received certificate of secondary education, certificate of enrollment in another educational institution, etc.)
What benefits are provided for orphans?
The following payments are provided for this category of children:
- If the child has not reached the age of two years, then the parent has the right to receive products from the dairy kitchen
; - From the age of three, a child has the right to receive free medications
prescribed by a doctor; - Parents are refunded the money they paid for housing and communal services bills;
- If the child is a refusenik or a foundling, then an additional amount is paid every month
; - Reducing fees in preschool institutions by 50%
. Such children have the right to receive two meals a day in schools;
Once the adoption is formalized, the biological parents have no rights to the child and cannot restore their rights. In turn, adoptive parents have limited rights, and a child, according to documents, is considered adopted at the age of up to 18 years, in extreme cases up to 23 years while undergoing training.
In case of adoption of a child, payments are provided for up to 1.5 years
. This payment is made to one parent at the place of work. If the parent does not work, then in this case, he needs to apply to social protection at his place of residence.
Please note that adopting a child is a fairly important step that must be approached very responsibly and not be guided by the payments that the state offers or does not offer. If this is the step you have taken, then you need to take care of the child and give him the feeling of a real family. Every child needs protection and reliable support from adults.
List of benefits
In addition to financial support, the adoptive parent has the right to receive special benefits. Among them:
- leave for the adoptive parent;
- obtaining the status of a large family.
Vacation
In accordance with Government Decree No. 719 of 2001, the adoptive parent has the right to be granted leave.
It is similar to maternity leave and parental leave up to 3 years of age.
Moreover, at the request of a citizen, the adoptive parent's leave can be replaced with the corresponding leave for natural parents. This measure is provided for families who decide to keep the adoption secret (Article 139 of the RF IC).
Leave is provided if you adopt a child aged 0 to 3. If citizens exercise the right to change the date of birth and reduce the age, then the date when the child turns 3 years old according to the new birth certificate is taken into account.
State assistance to adoptive families: problems
There are many videos like the one below. The modern Russian system of helping orphans really gives scope to the actions of people who are not interested in children, but in money.
Adoptive families have not been deprived of state attention before, but now their support will become even greater. The President and the federal authorities are determined to equate families with three or more of their own and adopted children to large families and provide more significant benefits.
It is worth clarifying the criteria according to which it is possible to determine whether a family is adopted or a child is taken into care in a guardianship format. With the option of guardianship and trusteeship, the child is a pupil. The guardian deals with the maintenance, upbringing, education of the child, as well as the protection of his rights.
Payments to foster parents and foster carers
Adoptive parents enter into a foster family agreement with the guardianship and trusteeship authority. The second form of paid guardianship (trusteeship) is a professional foster family. It is implemented on the basis of an agreement on foster care (foster care).
When placing a child in a family, a one-time federal benefit is paid (from 02/01/2021):
- RUB 18,886.32 for everyone;
- 144,306.88 (if this is a disabled child, either over 7 years old, or several brothers or sisters).
The monthly remuneration is different in each region. For example, Moscow government decree No. 93-PP regulates how much parents receive for an adopted child in Moscow in 2021. For two types of contractual relations, the data is as follows:
- RUB 16,700.00 for each person adopted;
- RUB 28,390.00 for the education of every disabled child.
IMPORTANT!
Moscow authorities plan to index social payments for adopted children in 2021. Indexation will be 3.7%.
If there are three or more foster parents in a foster family, remuneration is paid to both foster parents.
Another example is the Tver region. Law of the Tver region of September 20. 2001 No. 173-OZ-2 regulates how much money is given for an adopted child while the guardian (trustee) is in the family. In addition to federal payments (we discussed them above), adoptive parents (foster carers):
- 12,111 rubles are allocated monthly for the maintenance of each child:
- a monthly monetary remuneration of 2,500 rubles is paid for each person accepted for foster care;
- those living in rural areas are paid an additional 25% of the amount of remuneration for each person accepted for foster care;
- those who have adopted a disabled person or a child under 3 years of age - the monetary reward increases by 20%.
Benefits guaranteed by the state to guardians and their pupils
In addition to various monetary payments, the guardian and his pupil are guaranteed the following benefits:
- Monthly compensation for family expenses when paying for housing and communal services;
- An additional monthly compensation payment is provided for an abandoned or abandoned child;
- Children under two years old receive free food from the dairy kitchen; up to three years old - free medications with a doctor’s prescription, 50% discount on visiting a preschool institution; free two meals a day and free textbooks at school; at the age of 14 years - the right to register housing.
An adoptive family involves signing an agreement between one of the adoptive parents and the guardianship authorities. The official document clearly states the period of the child’s stay in the foster family.
Is there a salary provided for foster families?
Appointment of adoptive parents for children is carried out upon conclusion of an agreement. It indicates the following information: age, name of the baby, health (presence/absence of diseases), his mental and physical development, conditions of detention, rights and obligations of the parties (foster parents and guardianship authority). It is mandatory to determine the grounds for termination of the contract and the consequences of this step.
The salary of the adoptive parent is determined after the orphan moves into the family; it includes different types of remuneration:
- one-time payment (at the beginning of 2021 is 17,479.73 rubles);
- benefits aimed at providing for children (in the amount of 40% of an adult’s salary for the reporting period);
- compensation for the costs of maintaining a child in monetary terms (calculated for the reporting period);
- payment to adoptive parents (its amount depends on the region of residence);
- one-time benefit for the adoption of a disabled child – 133,559.36 rubles.
Attention: In addition to monetary remuneration (salary), the foster parent is assigned work experience in 2021.
Salary for foster parents in 2021
The monthly cash remuneration for foster parents who have adopted a child into their family for upbringing depends greatly on the region. For example, in the Astrakhan region these are the following figures (as of 2021):
- for each child under 10 years old - 7,296 rubles;
- for a child over 10 years of age or if the child being raised has a disability – 8,756 rubles;
- additional remuneration if more than 4 children are accepted into the family (for each subsequent one) - 1,459 rubles.
Central regions, including Moscow and St. Petersburg, offer higher payments, but this is associated with different levels of income and expenses. For example, in 2021 in Moscow, payments to a substitute parent are 16,700 rubles, and if the child is disabled - 28,390 rubles. If more than two children are placed in a family to raise, such payments are paid to both substitute parents. Therefore, it is very important to contact regional social services in a timely manner, providing certificates of your income, for the most accurate calculation of wages.
